On 26 November 2007, the United Nations General Assembly declared that, starting from the sixty-third session of the General Assembly, 20 February will be celebrated annually as the World Day of Social Justice. This year’s theme- “A Call for Social Justice in the Digital Economy.”
The digital economy is transforming the world of work. As stated by Dr. Tarek El-Sheikh, Un Secretary-General Representative, resident Coordinator to the State of Kuwait. He added: Over the past decade, expansion in broadband connectivity, cloud computing, and data have led to the proliferation of digital platforms, which have penetrated several sectors of the economy and societies.
Dr. El-Sheikh reiterated: Since early 2020, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to remote working arrangements and Kuwait has been highly and quickly adapting to the digital transformation due to a well-established digital infrastructure and highly aware skilled Kuwaitis and residents. This allowed for the continuation of many business activities, further reinforcing the growth and impact of the digital economy. It is worth noting that according to recent United Nations Analysis, Kuwait has ranked one of the highest countries in using internet almost 100% while the world average range around 50% of internet usage and Kuwait among the top countries who have full coverage of 4G network and expanding its 5G coverage. Making its readiness for digital economy high, yet there is a need for more attention to the regulatory environment and governance of Information and communication technology so as Kuwait can harness the effect transformation to Digital Economy while ensuring social justice.
Worth noting, if we look to the world outside Kuwait, the COVID19 Pandemic crisis has laid bare and exacerbated the growing digital divide within, between and across developed and developing countries, particularly in terms of the availability, affordability and use of information ICTs and access to the internet, deepening existing inequalities.
While digital labour platforms provide workers with income-generating opportunities and benefits from flexible work arrangements, including for women, persons with disabilities, young people, and migrant workers, they also present some challenges. For workers, these relate to the regularity of work and income, their rights to fair working conditions, social protection and adequate standard of living, skills utilization, and the right to form or join trade unions.
Consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are exposing the risks and inequalities of workers engaged in location-based platforms. For traditional businesses, the challenges include unfair competition from platforms, some of which are not subject to conventional taxation and other obligations because of their novel nature, including with respect to their workforce. Another challenge for traditional businesses is the amount of funding required to continuously adapt to digital transformations, especially for small and medium enterprises, and inadequate availability of reliable digital infrastructure, in many developing countries.
The regulatory responses from many countries including Kuwait have started to address some of the issues related to working conditions on digital labour platforms. However, there is a need for international policy dialogue and coordination since digital labour platforms operate across multiple jurisdictions. The promotion of national, regional, and international multi-stakeholder policy dialogue and coordination is also vital to ensure regulatory certainty and the applicability of universal labour standards, given the diversity of responses by countries and platform companies.
Transformations, especially for small and medium enterprises, and inadequate availability of reliable digital infrastructure, in particular in many developing countries.
This year’s commemoration supports efforts by the international community to search for solutions to achieve sustainable development, poverty eradication, the promotion of full employment and decent work, universal social protection, gender equality and access to social well-being and justice for all. Consequently, it aims at fostering dialogue with member States and relevant UN institutions and other stakeholders on actions needed to overcome the digital divide, provide decent work opportunities, and protect labour and human rights in the modern era of digital technologies.
The United Nations General Assembly recognizes that social development and social justice are indispensable for the achievement and maintenance of peace and security within and among nations and that, in turn, social development and social justice cannot be attained in the absence of peace and security, or in the absence of respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms.
It further recognizes that globalization and interdependence are opening new opportunities through trade, investment and capital flows and advances in technology, including information technology, for the growth of the world economy and the development and improvement of living standards around the world, while at the same time there remain serious challenges, including serious financial crises, insecurity, poverty, exclusion and inequality within and among societies, and considerable obstacles to further integration and full participation in the global economy for developing countries, as well as some countries with economies in transition.
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